Dr.D.Senthil Kumar.,

Dr.D.Senthil Kumar.,
Consulting Physician & Psycologist

Please visit Vivekanantha Homoeo clinic & Psychological counselling Center Official web site


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Skin care

Basic skin care does not involve use of expensive cosmetics & toiletries. One has to follow a very simple regime for skin care.


1. Diet: A well-balanced, regular diet along with adequate amount of water is all that you need. One must avoid the so-called junk food, too much of starvation in the form of dieting & eating at odd irregular hours.


2. Exercise: about 30 minutes of aerobics, walking, jogging or cycling at least five times a week is essential for a healthy skin.


3. Sun Protection: UVA & UVB rays could be harsh on the skin & cause photo damage in the form of increased pigmentation, freckles, premature aging & even skin cancers. Those with normal to dry skin can use a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 at least 20 minutes before sun exposure. People with oily skin should use an umbrella or a wide brimmed hat for sun protection.


4. Local skin care: the surface of the skin contains oil, dead cells, sweat, grime, dirt, grease & pollutants. If this is not removed, the skin looks dull & flaky. Cleansing is an important part of skin care & can be done with simple soaps or cleansers. The skin should be washed at least twice a day with soap & warm water. Deodorant soaps with antiseptic agents are good for oily skin. Super fatted soaps or glycerine-based soaps are good for dry & normal skin. For the skin to look healthy & glowing, its uppermost layer called stratum corneum should contain more than 10% of the total water content of the body. Thus, comes the role of a moisturizer. People with dry to normal skin should use a moisturizer twice a day after cleansing. Those with oily skin should be careful & use an oil free moisturizer only once a day.


Lastly, be gentle on your skin. Do not use harsh cosmetics. If you have a skin problem, seek professional advice.


CLEANSERS

A cleanser is one which removes dirt, sweat, sebum, micro-organisms (bacteria etc.), dead cells (stratum corneum) and make-up if used from the skin surface.


Cleansing comprises of three stages:

1. Wetting.

2. Emulsification and removal of grease.

3. Rinsing.


Deeply ingrained dirt, particularly in the pores of the hair follicles and sweat glands can be removed by warming the skin with hot water or a mild steam bath.


Normal pH of the skin is 4.5 to 5.5, this acidic pH changes to alkaline due to application of cleanser and gives a feeling of freshness in the skin.

Types of cleansers:


1. Soaps and cleansing bars: They are derived from fatty acids and tri-glycerides (fats and oils).

I. Routine bars.

ii. Deodorant or anti-microbicidal bars:
These have an added anti-bacterial agent to eradicate bacteria. These soaps have a pH between 9 - 10 and may cause skin irritation. They are good for oily skin.

iii. Moisturising base:
These have moisturising agents like lanolin or glycerine. Their pH is between 5 - 7, thus they are non-irritant. They are good for dry skin.

Functions: Soaps help cleansing, perfume the bath, softens the water, forms lather and gives the skin a cool and fresh feeling.


2. Lipid free cleansers / Face wash: These contain water, glycerine, and acetyl alcohol and do not contain any fat. They clean without soap formation and leave a thin moisturising film. They are good for sensitive and photo aged skin.


3. Cleansing creams: They are oil based products which remove grease and cosmetics on the skin by dissolving it in more oil. They are good for dry skin.


4. Cleansing Lotion: It is a water based product and is good for normal and dry skin. Since it is water based, it can be easily rinsed with water. It is commonly sold as pore cleanser.


5. Exfoliants: Help in removing dead cells (stratum corneum cells) from the skin.


6. Abrasive scrubs: They aid in removing dead cells and control excess sebum secretion. They are mechanical exfoliants made of granules in form of Aluminum oxide, ground fruit pits etc.


7. Cleansing masks / packs:

I. Setting masks - containing Fuller's earth ('Multani Mitti').

ii. Peel-off masks - containing gel and latex.

iii. Non-setting masks - containing cold cream or oil packs.

Setting and peel-off masks achieve cleansing, exfoliation and skin-tightening. They also refresh the skin. Non-setting masks only clean the skin.


MOISTURISERS

For the skin to remain normal and fresh, the upper most layers, namely the stratum corneum should contain more than 10% of the total water content. In places with tropical climate like India, heat, sun-rays and pollution tend to dry the skin. Thus, use of a moisturiser becomes essential.

Basic components of moisturisers are:

1. Occlusive oils: They retard water loss from the skin.

2. Humectants: They increase the water content of the skin by absorbing water from the environment and lower layers of skin.

3. Hydrophilic matrices: They prevent water loss and have a soothing action.

4. Others: Water, sun-screens, emulsifying agents, preservatives, fragrances and colouring agents.

5. Special additives: Ceramides, Vitamins, EFA's, Aloe Vera, Urea, Lactic acid, Alfa-hydroxyl acids, collagen, Elastin and Hyaluronic acid.


A moisturiser should be used after bath on a moist skin surface. One may even use a sun-screen during the day and a moisturiser at bed time.

People with normal or dry skin can use both creams and lotions which have water in oil emulsion.

Those with oily skin should avoid using creams. Lotions with oil in water formulations are best suited for oily skin.


SHAMPOOS AND CONDITIONERS

Hair is aesthetically a very important part of the human body. All of us desire to have smooth, soft and lustrous hair. This is done with use of shampoos and conditioners.


It is important to understand one's hair type to make the right choice of shampoos and conditioners.

1. Normal

2. Dry: This type may be a result of

a. Lack of sebum.

b. Environmental factors like sunlight, wind, sea water, chlorinated water (as in swimming pool).

c. Chemical treatment like hair colouring

d. Mechanical injury such as straightening and perming

3. Oily or greasy hair: This happens because of excessive sebum secretion from sebaceous glands in the scalp.



SHAMPOOS

Shampoo is a suitable detergent for washing hair, removing sebum, sweat, dirt and dead cells present on the hair shaft and scalp.

TYPES OF SHAMPOOS


A.BASIC SHAMPOOS

1. Normal hair shampoos: They achieve good cleansing with minimum conditioning.

2. Oily hair shampoos: They give excellent cleansing and very minimal conditioning.

3. Dry hair shampoos: They cause mild cleansing and good conditioning. They reduce static electricity and make the hair more manageable.

4. Damaged hair shampoos: Meant for hair which have been chemically treated with hair colour, bleaching agents or hair straightening agents. They have mild detergents and more conditioner in order to temporarily repair the hair surface defects.


B.BABY SHAMPOOS
these are formulated with 'amphoteric surfactants' which cause little or no irritation. They are mild and can also be used by adults who wish to wash their hair everyday.


C. MEDICATED SHAMPOOS

1. Anti-dandruff shampoos: They, in addition to the regular ingredients also contain additives such as anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, Selenium Sulphide, Zinc Pyrithione, Tar derivatives etc.


They remove sebum, oil, scalp scales and the anti-fungal acts on the fungus 'Pityrosporum ovale' which is usually the cause of dandruff.

2. Anti-Lice shampoos: They contain Gama-benzene hexa-chloride or Permethrin which kill the lice when applied in a proper manner.


D. CONDITIONING SHAMPOOS
they are a combination of shampoo and conditioner. These products may be self-defeating since the shampoo removes sebum, the body's natural conditioner and replaces it with an artificial conditioner.



CONDITIONERS

Shampooing, drying, combing, brushing, dyeing, permanent waving, straightening and styling damage the hair and make it harsh, brittle and entangled. Hair conditioners reverse this hair damage and make the hair manageable, glossy and soft. They increase the strength and reduce the brittleness of the shaft. Conditioners also attempt to mend the split ends ('split ends' result from extensive damage to hair shaft).


Conditioners are designed to revert the hair damage caused by several factors as given below.

1. Grooming: Damage after wet combing, blow drying, wet brushing leads to damage of the hair cuticle.

2. Environmental insults: Hair may become discoloured. There may be damage to the cuticle, split ends and finally breakage of hair may occur due to weathering.

3. Chlorine and salt water: This weakens the hair shaft causes split ends and cracks in the cuticle.

4. Heat styling: Blow drying and hot rollers damage the tensile strength of the hair.

5. Chemical agents: Permanent hair colours, bleaching increase the frictional force of the hair and consequently the combing force leading to breakage. Perming and straightening reduces the tensile strength of the hair and causes hair loss.


TYPES OF CONDITIONERS

1. Instant conditioners: They are applied following a shampoo, left on the hair for 5 - 10 minutes and rinsed. They provide minimal conditioning due to short contact time.

2. Deep conditioners: Usually are marketed as creams. Their ingredients are similar to instant conditioners but are more concentrated. They have to be left on the scalp for 20 - 30 minutes before rinsing. They provide good conditioning.

3. Leave in conditioners: They are applied after drying the hair and are left on till the next shampoo. They are in the form of blow drying lotions and hair thickeners.

4. Sunscreen conditioners: Excessive exposure to sun can cause dryness, loss of colour and roughening of surface texture. PABA and Benzophenones are added to conditioners which provide sun protection to hair.


MECHANISM OF ACTION

  • They seal split ends.
  • They protect the cuticle which covers and protects the hair shaft.
  • They restore the acidic pH of the hair which is disturbed by the alkaline pH of the shampoos.
  • They cause 'fly-away hair to become smoother and more manageable.


In brief dry, brittle and lustreless hair become shiny, bouncy, glossy and strong




Wednesday, May 11, 2011

Take Care of Your Nails





Nail Tips
Nail care is very simple to carry out as it involves only being conscious about few dos and don’ts along with putting the same into practice. Here are few tips that would cater to nail care like massage with olive oil, do not cut the cuticles and so on.

Simple measures at home are sufficient to get healthy and beautiful nails. It is all about maintaining regularity that would hardly fetch few minutes out of 24 hours in a day. Bring a halt to the continuous flow of thoughts regarding lost or re-growth of nails instead put into effect few dos and don’ts of nail care.

Watch Over the Cuticles
Dryness does maximum harm to cuticles. Thereby apply oil or cream on the cuticles everyday. It is best to use olive oil as it moisturizes it without weakening them and provides softness. In order to keep the cuticles healthy get a regular nail manicure once in a month. Never cut it neither with nail cutter nor from teeth. Always push back them with the help of cotton bud and in no way use any sharp instrument for the same.

Wear Gloves While Doing Household Chores
The harsh chemicals present in the detergents and soaps used for washing takes away all the moisture and oil from the nails making it dry and rough. Hence it is crucial to wear gloves while doing any household work. Once the work is done ensure to apply good massage cream or olive oil on the nails and cuticles.

On a Regular Basis Shape the Nails
It is ideal to shape the nails once in a week. Women who give the hand in cooking or washing must prefer the square shape as it is less prone to breakage and is trouble-free to keep up.

Do Not Peel Off the Nail Polish
Many women would have a common habit to peel off the nail polish after it chips off. On no account it should be done because while peeling off the nail polish the protective layer of the nail also comes out. This layer safeguards the nail from harsh blows, sharp cuts and so on. Once the layer vanishes then the nail gets easily dented. For this reason at all times remove the nail polish only with a nail polish remover.

Make Use of Clear Nail Polish
With the intention of making the colored nail polish stay for a longer time apply a clear nail polish as base coat as well as a top-coat. As a base coat it would endow with a receptive surface, replenish dry and brittle nails and reinstates the moisture of nails. On the other hand as a top coat it fills the lines and gives the hint of shine for the colored nail polish to stand by. 
Chuck Out Yellowish Tint
Sometimes yellowish tint could be observed on the nails. This happens because of wearing nail polish continuously. To free the nails from this tint first let the nails be unpolished for a short while then in the mean time rub the piece of lemon on nails for 5-10 minutes. Later cleans hands with plain water. Repeat it for 2-3 days and notice the difference. Alternately, soak the fingers in baking soda and lemon water for 15 minutes. Take 500 ml water, to this add 1 teaspoon each of baking soda and lemon. Stir it well and dip in the fingers. Carry this out twice in a week.

Nails are core of beautiful hands. Take good care of them as other parts of body. Nice looking nails grab the attention of others without your notice. It does convey a lot about you. So look after the nails, it is important!

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